Upconversion nanoparticles possess unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and medical treatments. However, their potential toxicity remains a considerable concern. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis of the toxicity associated with upconversion nanoparticles. It investigates various as

Zinc oxide is a mineral renowned for its remarkable strength to protect delicate skin. This gentle element has long been utilized in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its outstanding protective characteristics. Establishing a physical shield on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively absorbs harmful ra